Saturday, March 30, 2019
The Effects Of Dehydration And Rapidly Consuming Water Biology Essay
The Effects Of evaporation And Rapidly Consu bitg Water biology EssayBlood imperativeness measurings the pressing applied against the inner walls of arteries, it differs through step up the proboscis and is controlled by the contraction of the bone marrow and fanny vary from slightlyone to person based upon their age, weight, and overall health. The two types of public press are referred to as systolic pressure, when the ventricles contract and push telephone line through the body, and diastolic pressure, the ventricle fills with crinkle again. High race pressure, when transmission line exerts a high measuring of pressure because on that point is difficulty moving throughout the body, has proven to be an adverse health condition involving philia disease and stroke (www.freedrinking irrigate.com 2009). Dehydration demonst rolls a relationship with higher root pressure and is referred to as prerequisite hypertension (Insel et al. 2010). There is a steady rise in bloo d pressure that indicates a shortening supply of piss and the blood vessels contradict accordingly. Lumen or the tiny holes in the blood vessels are fitted to adapt, open and close, in response to the amount of blood. Studies control shown that only 8% of the insufficient piddle in homeco arc houruteg affects the great deal of blood directly compared to the 66% imposed on the volume water in certain cells (Batmanghelidj 2003). However, the circulatory system shrinks by closing the lumen throughout the blood vessels. First, in the peripheral capillaries and eventually the larger vessels constrict in order to filter out and maintain full blood vessels. This gives a rise to tension or pressure throughout the blood vessels and a higher blood pressure overall (Batmanghelidj 2003).There are other studies that show the importance of water balance and the key purpose of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (Purves et al. 2006). Water is much(preno instantal) an essential part of the huma n body that there are specialize cells in the brain that detect the elevated sodium levels within the body and signal the pituitary gland to release ADH to indicate to the kidney that it should observe water (Insel et al. 2010). This conserves blood volume and maintains blood pressure. When there are low levels of ADH non as much water is preoccupied and dilute urine is produced. Water retention and intake dilutes the blood and expands blood volume. (Purves et al. 2006)My try out is to test the rapid inlet of water and the effects on blood pressure. My hypothesis is that the consumption of water leave behind cause my blood pressure to drop because it will add to the fluidity of my blood and bedevil is easier to pass through the arteries and the perfume rate will drop because of the less(preno momental) pressure. The null hypothesis would be that the consumption of water would take no effect on blood pressure or cause a rise in blood pressure and heart rate. As the front ba ckground information has shown, hydration can play a major role in high blood pressure and therefore adverse health.Materials and MethodsThe starting line instrument to note would be the sphygmomanometer, a device used to measure blood pressure. Before we drank the water we had to place the sphygmomanometer on correctly and take our basal blood pressure. We had all been in a resting position for slightly 2 hours, this qualified as enough while to take our sign basal blood pressures. To obtain accurate results the sphygmomanometer must be lay correctly over the brachial artery and pumped to around one hundred fifty mm Hg. The just of contour was obtained by adding up all the systolic pressures and dividing by 26, the number of students conducting the test and the aforementioned(prenominal) was performed for the diastolic pressures. The first bonny basal blood pressure for the class was 104/70, the second 110/71 and the third was 107/70. The sphygmomanometer in addition sh owings the heart rate of the person using it. The classs fair(a) basal heart rates were 77, 79 and 78 (beats per minute). erstwhile the initial readings were complete the water was prepared to be consumed. The temperature of the water varied because there were students that had water bottles sitting out a room temperature for at least(prenominal) 2 hours darn others had to fill them from the water fountain, which is chilled. Usually using a nalgene, 24 fl. oz of water were prepared to be consumed.It can be simulated that more or less people in the classroom were slightly, if not significantly desiccate because we had not drunk any water for at least 2 hours. The sphygmomanometer was prepared as before on the first partner, the water was cursorily consumed and the blood pressure and pulse was taken immediately aft(prenominal) they were correct drinking. There was a 3 minute break between the succeeding(a) blood pressure reading so the other partner has the sphygmomanometer rigid on their brachial artery and consumes the said(prenominal) amount of water and has their blood pressure and pulse was taken. The sphygmomanometer was traded between the two partners every three transactions to record the different blood pressures and pulse for the next 12 minutes. The average blood pressures for the corresponding 3 minute intervals were 120/79, 114/68, 111/71, 117/77, and 114/72. The average heart rates were 71, 70, 69, 71, and 71 likewise.The independent variable was the amount of water consumed while the dependent variable was the blood pressure and pulse because it was what we were testing for. The constants for this essay were time, the environment we were all in and the fact that water was consumed. This examine was also paired because the same group of people that performed the basal readings conducted the rest of the experiment as well. There were 13 groups of two throughout the class and the same experiment was replicated in each pair.StatisticsFig ure 1 chain of mountains of radical Heart Rate60 bpmRange of 0 min Heart Rate75 bpmRange of 3 min Heart Rate54 bpmRange of 6 min Heart Rate54 bpmRange of 9 min Heart Rate76 bpmRange of 12 min Heart Rate58 bpmTable 1 data RangeFigure 2Range of Diastolic DataRange of Systolic DataRange of Basal Systolic68 mm HgRange of 0 min Systolic84 mm HgRange of 3 min Systolic59 mm HgRange of 6 min Systolic53 mm HgRange of 9 min Systolic62 mm HgRange of 12 min Systolic49 mm HgRange of Basal Diastolic58 mm HgRange of 0 min Diastolic79 mm HgRange of 3 min Diastolic60 mm HgRange of 6 min Diastolic52 mm HgRange of 9 min Diastolic77 mm HgRange of 12 min Diastolic52 mm HgTable 2 Table 3T-Test with AveragesTable 4ResultsThis experiment tested the results of rapidly drinking water when de hydrate on heart rate and blood pressure of subject. The results for the average heart rate expect to demonstrate that the pulse does not change very much with the consumption of water. As for the systolic and diastolic pressures, there are some changes afterward the water is consumed. There appears to be a spike in the systolic pressure around the 0 minute mark and then it decreases to astir(predicate) average again. The diastolic pressure is much more similar to the heart rate because it is relatively consistent to the average, no drastic changes. The t-test is much more than .05 and shows that the calamity these results were random is very high. The ranges of each data set display the differences between each array of data.DiscussionMy hypothesis states that the consumption of water will cause the blood pressure and heart rate to drop. My anticipation is that the water will add to the fluidity of my blood and make it easier to break down through the arteries and relieve pressure. My results did not support my hypothesis because there was an initial rise in systolic pressure after the water was consumed. The pressure never dropped significantly below the basal readings and therefore my hypo thesis was not supported and the null hypothesis tested correctly. If you look at the t-test sidestep (table 4) the p-values were very high, much higher than .05, and this shows that the results had a very high chance of being random. My new hypothesis would be the consumption of water will cause my blood pressure to rise. The reasoning behind this thought is that the water adds to the mass of blood flowing throughout the body and therefore, creates more pressure on the walls of the arteries and yields a higher pressure than before. Once the water is evened out throughout the body the pressure decreases to around the basal readings.One of the most obvious shifts about this lab was the gathering of information from the class. Time is endlessly a constraint on lab sketch and we ran out of time before we could gather all our information together right after the experiment. Instead, our TA had to collect all the data and put it on a spread sheet. I believe there may have been some c ommunication issues because there are parts of the data that are considered submissive error and there are no numbers for calculations. The other error that I observe was the temperature of the water because we didnt actually see if everybodys water was the same temperature or not. On that note, the amount of water also varied at times because not everybody was able to measure out 24 fl. Oz with a nalgene and had to estimate.Looking at previously published work there is register that dehydration and hypotension (low-blood pressure) seem to go hand in hand (Weed 1999). Therefore, when hydrated the blood pressure will rise. This is the exact opposite of what I give tongue to in my hypothesis because I thought that addition of water would rase the blood pressure. Heart rate is also low during dehydration scarcely is more variable if it will change during re-hydration or not (Montain and Coyle 1992). Once again, this is the exact opposite of what I predicted in my hypothesis. It a ppears that most previously printed work does not support my hypothesis.As I mentioned earlier the largest weaknesses I noticed in this experiment were time, communication between TA and student, volume and temperature of water. I would suggest that more time is set aside for the collection and affect of data stage in the experiment so that the entire class is able to get the full amount of information there sooner of having the TA email everybody for their results and then making a spreadsheet. The experiment can also be better prepared with pre-measured cups of water with thermometers so the temperature and volume can be more consistent.My conclusion to this experiment is that dehydration does have an effect on blood pressure, it causes it to rise. The water adds to the pressure against the walls of the arteries. There appears to be no direct effect on the actual heart rate after the water is consumed.Literature CitedBatmanghelidj, F. 2003. Water For Health, for Healing, for Lif e Youre Not Sick, Youre thirsty(p)New York Warner Books. p 93-100.Health information- water alleviate symptoms High blood pressure /Cholesterol. Drinking Water Filters- Reverse Osmosis Water Purifiers Water Softeners. Web. 01 Feb. 2010. .Insel et al. 2010. Discovering Nutrition. capital of the United Kingdom Jones and Bartlett International. p. 400-403Purves et al. 2003. Life The Science of Biology. 7th Edition. New York Sinauer Associates and W. H. Freeman. p. 216-221Montain SJ, Coyle FH. 1992. Influence of pass judgment dehydration on hyperthermia and cardiovasculardrift during exercise. Journal of employ PhysiologyWeed L, Weed L. 1999. Changing the Doctor-Patient Relationship. BMJWeedman D, Sokoloski E. 2009. Biology of Organisms Laboratory Manuel. Ohio Cengage Learning.P. 170-183
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